Giuseppe Verdi (1813-1901) wrote his “Aida” at a politically highly explosive time: Germany and France were on the brink of war (Franco-Prussian War 1870/71), which is why the premiere could not take place until a year later after the scheduled date: Because both the stage sets and the costumes were stuck in the Prussian occupied Paris. The opera had been commissioned by the Egyptian Viceroy Ismail Pasha. However, not, as often wrongly assumed, for the inauguration of the Suez Canal, but for the opening of the new opera house in Cairo in 1871.
Aida shows the versatility of this exceptional Italian composer in its entirety: large-scale mass scenes and choruses are juxtaposed with equally intimate, chamber-play-like scenes that reveal a soul drama that is ingenious in every detail. In this respect, the work can certainly be interpreted as a turning point in Verdi’s oeuvre, as it not only focuses on the vocal parts, but also assigns a new and leading role to the orchestra.
Verdi received the 150,000 gold francs demanded for his composition, probably the highest honorarium granted to a composer to date. In addition, he demanded his own trumpets for the famous Triumphal March, the so-called Aida trumpets, which had to be commissioned as a special production. Today "Aida" is one of the most successful of the great operas of the 19th century.

Giuseppe Verdi’s (1813-1901) grand and full-length opera “Don Carlos” is based on Friedrich Schiller’s drama “Don Karlos, Infant of Spain”. The French original of 1867 was first performed in Paris, belongs to the genre of the Grand Opéra, was Verdi’s third commissioned work for the Paris Opera and has five acts; a second, shorter version was not performed until 17 years later at the Teatro alla Scala in Milan. Unlike the first version, this one contains four acts and has an Italian libretto instead of a French one. This also explains the two different spellings of the work: "Don Carlos" / "Don Carlo".
It is now known that seven different versions of the opera exist. After massive criticism, the composer was repeatedly forced to make changes and cuts to his work, as the first version, with almost five hours of playing time, was too lengthy even for the Parisian audience - an educated and music-loving audience that was quite used to the lengthy duration of the large-scale and epic Grand Opéra. After the second version had been favoured until the end of the 20th century, theatres today tend to favour the first, longer version, since in it the plots and motivations of the characters can be presented much better and more coherently.