The myth of the seducer of women Don Juan (or in this case Don Giovanni) belongs to the world history of literature. This type of man is regarded as the personification of the instinctive libertine who disregards both the social order and divine laws and who ultimately despises the women whom he oppresses countlessly and arbitrarily.
W. A. Mozart’s (1756-1791) ingenious librettist Lorenzo da Ponte was also taken with this demonic figure of the eternal seducer, to whom the composer left the choice of the theme. After the triumphant success of “Le nozze di Figaro”, he was to write a new opera for the usual fee of one hundred ducats at the imperial request. Mozart’s entire creative power flowed into “Don Giovanni” and left the world of opera with music of supernatural beauty, alternating between cheerful opera buffa and great tragedy. They are striking for their rapid changes and sharp contrasts: sweet love arias alternate with dark passages that emanate a sense of death. In addition to the lascivious figure of the protagonist Don Giovanni and the comic figure of his servant Leporello, the two female characters Donna Anna and Donna Elvira symbolize great humanity, while the commander, who finally dissolves the drama, symbolizes the higher forces.
Through the unique fusion of these highly inhomogeneous elements, Mozart’s masterpiece is rightly considered one of the most perfect operas ever. Entertaining side note: Giacomo Casanova, Italian gallant and bon vivant par excellence, attended the premiere in Prague in 1787.

"Madama Butterfly" was, according to Puccini’s own statement, Puccini’s favorite work: "...of all the operas I have written, the most deeply felt and suggestive. After the composer had approached the Far Eastern subject with zeal, he set about studying Japanese musical culture and the customs and traditions of the country with great energy. He even sought out a Japanese actress who was touring Europe to listen to the timbre of the Japanese female voice. Giacomo Puccini (1858-1924) masterfully blended his own style with authentic Japanese melodies and the use of exotic instruments, giving the opera its unmistakable atmosphere.
Guilt, atonement and the blossoming of a deep love are the core themes of the work. The tragic figure of the Butterfly is at the center of the action: Puccini completes her development from happy bride to abandoned mother and finally to suicide victim with dreamy, ecstatic melodies and arias. All the other characters in the piece, even the male lead character Pinkerton, are vocally and action-determining rather than marginal figures.
As devastating as the premiere was for the composer in February 1904 at the Teatro alla Scala in Milan, "Madama Butterfly" began its great triumphal march around the world in a revised version in May 1904 in Brescia.